Are gynaecological cancers common in young women?

Did you know that one in three gynaecological cancers diagnosed in Singapore affects women under 50? DR LIM SHEOW LEI, Senior Medical Oncologist at OncoCare Cancer Centre, discusses the likes of cervical cancer and ovarian cancer in young women – and how they can protect themselves.

What are gynaecological cancers?

They are cancers of the female reproductive organs. Common types of gynaecological cancer include uterine (endometrial) cancer, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer.

Today, gynaecological cancers like ovarian cancer are more common in young women, due to better detection, changing lifestyle factors (such as rising obesity rates) and inherited genetic risks. Beyond the typical challenges faced by cancer patients such as treatment side effects, fear of recurrence, career and financial disruptions and lack of peer support, gynaecological cancers come with a few unique challenges:

#1 Fertility and family planning with gynaecological cancers

Treatments for gynaecological cancer like surgery (removal of uterus and ovaries), radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonal therapies can lead to infertility. This is particularly relevant in Singapore, where many women delay childbirth. Fertility preservation options (like egg or embryo freezing) are available, but they’re time-sensitive and need to be undertaken before treatment. Early discussions with your doctor are crucial – though they can add urgency to an already overwhelming situation.

#2 Premature menopause and hormonal changes

Cancer treatments may induce early menopause. Unlike natural menopause, treatment-induced menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes, vaginal dryness, fatigue and mood swings, can be sudden and intense. These can affect self-esteem, relationships and quality of life.

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), an effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, may not be safe for women with certain hormone-sensitive uterine or ovarian cancers. Furthermore, menopausal symptoms can mimic signs of cancer recurrence, adding emotional stress and anxiety.

#3 Emotional and psychological impact

Young women with gynaecological cancers like ovarian cancer and cervical cancer often grapple with deep fears:

• Will I still be able to have children?
• Will my relationship or marriage survive?
• Can I still work, travel and live the life I imagined?
• Will I be around to see my children grow up?

Moreover, body image often takes a hit. Some report feeling “less of a woman” after surgeries that remove the reproductive organs. Cervical cancer’s link to HPV, a virus acquired through sexual contact, adds stigma. Misconceptions that it results from “promiscuity” can lead to shame, silence and delayed care. The reality is that HPV is extremely common, and cervical cancer is preventable through vaccination and regular screening.

#4 Cervical and ovarian cancer in young women – the hereditary factor

As gynaecological cancers like ovarian cancer in young women become more common, young patients often worry if their gynaecological cancer is hereditary – and if loved ones are also at risk. Indeed, some ovary and uterine cancers run in families. Genetic testing can help determine your risk and guide preventive steps, such as enhanced cancer screening or even preventive surgery.

Guard against gynaecological cancer

The good news? Awareness is power. Here’s how you can protect yourself:

• Vaccinate against HPV (recommended up to age 26; up to 45 may also benefit)
• Regular pap smears and HPV tests
• Know your family history and consider genetic counselling
• Listen to your body – unusual vagina bleeding, pelvic pain or bloating that doesn’t go away should never be ignored
• Speak to your doctor early about fertility preservation options

You’re not alone

Support is out there for you or anyone you know suffering from gynaecological cancers like ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. From fertility specialists and genetic counsellors to psychologists and cancer support groups, help is available at every step. For many young women, it’s just the beginning of a new chapter.

About the doctor

An experienced oncologist, Dr Lim Sheow Lei’s 25-plus years of clinical expertise includes the treatment of different types of gynaecological cancer, such as cancer of the ovary, uterus, cervix and vulva.

OncoCare Cancer Centre
Locations at Gleneagles, Gleneagles Annexe, Mount Elizabeth Novena, Mount Elizabeth Orchard, Mount Alvernia and Royal Square Medical Centre.
oncocare.sg | enquiries@oncocare.sg

This article on different types of gynaecological cancer (including ovarian cancer and cervical cancer) and OncoCare Cancer Centre first appeared in the June 2025 edition of Expat Living. You can purchase the latest issue or subscribe, so you never miss a copy!

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